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PHANTOM INFORMATION
The Zubal Phantom
The phantom used in this site has been developed by George Zubal, Ph.D., Dept. of
Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
06510. The phantoms included is located in the smc_dir directory and have the names
vox_man.dat, vox_brn.dat and vox_man3.dat
1. Zubal IG, Harrell CR, Smith EO, Rattner Z, Gindi GR, Hoffer PB " Computerized Three-
dimensional Segmented Human Anatomy " Med. Phys. 21[2], Feb 1994, p.299-302.
2. Zubal G., Gindi G., Lee M., Harrell H., Smith E. " High Resolution Anthropormorphic
Phantom for Monte Carlo Analysis of Internal Radiation Sources". Proceedongs of the
3rd Annual IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems. Chapel Hill, NC June
3-6, 1990. p 540-546.
3. Zubal IG., Harrell CR., Esser PD. " Monte Carlo Determination of Emerging Energy
Spectra for Diagnostically Realistic Radiopharmaceutical Distributions". Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A299 [1990] p 544-547.
4. Zubal IG., Harrell CR. " Voxel Based Monte Carlo Calculations of Nuclear Medicine
Images and Applied Variance Reduction Techniques". Information Processing in Medical
Imaging, 12th International Conference IPMI '91 Wye, UK July 1991. p 23-33.
5. Zubal IG., Harrell CR. " Voxel Based Monte Carlo Calculations of Nuclear Medicine
Images and Applied Variance Reduction Techniques". Image and Vision Computing Vol
10, No 6 July/Aug 1992 p 342-348.
The NCAT Phantom
This phantom is provided by Dr Paul Segars at the Duke University. The phantom is
actually a software package that from a user-specified input file creates attenuation
and activity maps that is used as input in SIMIND. Since this family of phantoms have
proven to be very useful the SIMIND program have routines that makes it easy to input
such data. Here's a list of references for the phantom.
1. W.P. Segars, D.S. Lalush, and B.M.W. Tsui, "A Realistic spline-based dynamic heart
phantom," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 46, pp. 503-506, 1999.
2. W.P. Segars, D.S. Lalush, and B.M.W. Tsui, "Modeling respiratory mechanics in the
MCAT and spline-based MCAT phantoms," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 48, pp. 89-97,
2001.
3. W.P. Segars. Development of a new dynamic NURBS-based cardiac-torso [NCAT]
phantom., PhD dissertation, The University of North Carolina, May 2001.
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